Geographic Distribution of Economic Activities: 

• Quebec could be divided in 4 different  regions: the resource regions, the central regions, the National Capital region and the regions of Montreal and Laval.
• The National Capital, Montreal and Laval are distinct urban regions with of a high proportion.
• The central regions are a large proportion of manufacturing activities and a great variety of service.

The Role of Business:

• Approximately 75% of the active population work in the private sector.
• The role of business are considered Quebec economic engine.
• SME make up the majority of businesses, most of the new employment opportunities.

The Importance of Exports:

• Quebec exports over $150 billion worth of goods and services, each year.
• In 2006, Quebec production for export was 15.3%.
• Approximately 30% of employment in Quebec is directly linked to exports.

Exporting Issues:

• Quebec is forced to set itself apart from the competition by offering superior quality or technology.
• Federal and provincial government commercial agreements with other countries.
• disadvantages of commercial agreements- Quebec are invested in the field of research and development and increase the training of its labour.
• Province of Quebec forces look for opening a foreign countries.

Employment and unemployment:

• unemployment rate-the lowest rate the past thirty years.
• The government give social society assistance to the unemployment.
• there are currently more and more jobs in the knowledge sector.
• Between education and employment is defined by the emergence of knowledge economy.

Population Since Confederation 2

Population distribution in the province: In the 20th century, the proportion of Quebec's urban population changed from 35% to 80%. The development of industries and the introduction of machinery in agriculture motivated people to leave the countryside to settle in the city. In the second half to the 20th century, city dwellers who wanted to improve their quality of life moved to the suburbs and to created the phenomenon know as urban sprawl. This development of cities created some problems.

Development of the regions:The middle of the 19th century, the government had tried to keep the population that wanted to emigrate to the United States and Western Canada.The French wanted to settled in this regions. This is how the population started to grow in the Sagnuenay Lac St. Jean, Bas St. Laurant , and Temiscaminque followed by Abitibi and the Laurentians.  In the 1930s, the Government of Quebec encouraged unemployed people to settle in the rural regions to improve their quality of life by cultivating their own food. After World War 2, attention was focused on other regions, this time it was for their natural resources. This is how important hydroelectric work sites were built in North-du-Quebec and also in Cote-Nord, where iron ore mining was developed. Abitibi-Temiscamingue and Gaspesie became important mining development.

Population Since Confederation 1

French  Canadian emigration: Between 1870 and 1930, the exodus of the french Canadians continued. Some settled as farmers in Ontario or in the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Most of immigrants still made New England their first choice, where various industries were set with a few decade. The provinces were more accessible due to the railroad that now crossed Canada, reaching all the way to British Columbia. In new England, they established parishes, churches, hospitals, schools, convents and newspaper, and formed a new group which is the Franco-Americans. Approximately 700 000 French Canadians emigrated from 1870 to 1930. Quebec's successive governments and the Catholic clergy tried to encourage emigrants to return to the province by inviting them to cultivate new land in Quebec. The exodus came to an end with the great depression of the 1930s when unemployment was higher in the United State than in Canada.  

Immigration diversification: From 1867, the birth year of Canadian federation, the federal government, led by John A. At the end of the 19th century, the government encouraged massive immigrant settlement to western Canada. The Canadian Pacific along with other railroad companies, owners of land in the west, advertised in Europe to attract immigrants. From 1901 to 1931, Canada welcomed 4 600 000 immigrants. From 1920s during the depression and world war 2, Canada stopped subsiding immigration and became more selective. After world war 2, the prime Minister of Canada, William Lyion Mackenzie King reopened the doors to immigration to ensure the company economic growth since immigrants worked, produced and consumed goods and services. Up to the 1950s most immigrants were Europeans from France, great Britain and Italy. In the 1690s, the federal government put an end to discrimination based on ethnic origin. By the 1970s immigrants were arriving from all the countries. In 1978, Canada and Quebec agreed to share the immigration responsibilities. In Quebec, in addition to the criteria set by the federal government, immigrants were selected as a function of their ability to adapt to a francophone society

Relationship with Amerindians: In 1876, the federal government adopted the Indian Act clarifying that the reserves remained the property of the government, who authorized their exclusive use by a Native band or community. The provincial government took the initiative to launch some important projects without consulting the Amerindians in the regions with whom no treaty had been signed.The Amerindian territories located in northern Quebec were initially spared from European occupation under the french and British regimes.

Life expectancy: In the 19th century, the situation improved due to better nutrition and medical advances. Starting in 1796 and throughout the entire 19th century, vaccines that prevented serious diseases such as smallpox, cholera, rabies, tetanus and diphtheria were developed. The smallpox caused 3000 deaths in Montreal in 1885, the city council decided make vaccination compulsory until the epidemic was over. In 18th century, the mortality rate was high in Quebec approximately 24 to 40 death per 1000 inhabitants including a large number of babies and infants. In 19th century, the mortality rate was higher in the city than in the countryside and particularly effected poor neighborhoods.

Evolution of the birth rate: At the end of the 19th century while the birth rate declined elsewhere in the Canada, french-Canadian women were still having many children, especially in rural regions. In 20th century, due to industrialization and the urbanization of the population, the birth rate slowly decreased. Living in the city was no longer suitable for large families compared to living in the countryside.

How Did the Population Diversify Under British Rule

Merchants: British immigration increasingly joined the first Nation and French Canadians in population. The political disputes between the Loyalists and the french Canadians resulted in a conflict between the two radio groups which led the British government in 1791 to decided the province of Quebec into two separate territories: Lower Canada AND upper Canada.

Loyalists: The loyalists left the United States of America where they were treated with hostility, to settle in a British territory. Among of the loyalists, two thousand chose Quebec. Mos of them they were Farmers who settled in Gaspesie and sorel. 

Increase from 1815: Great Britain won a grueling war against the french. At the same time, the country faced a crisis: the population was increasing very rapidly, the unemployment rate was high there were periodic outbreaks of famine and epidemics. 15% of the population was affected by poverty.

Great Britain's Immigration Policies: Private companies were allowed to acquire lands in Canada and to run advertisements in Europe to attract immigrants. The British government funded the settlement of immigrants in Canada but ended the program after ten years because it considered it too costly.

Contagious Diseases: Immigration often had negative consequences such as the spread of contagious diseases. The British brought with them Cholera, a deadly disease which cause 3000 people died of this disease which corresponded to 10% to 15% of the city's population, in Quebec city.

Grosse Ile: Thousands of immigrates died at Grosse Ile. Because, the diseases is causing them to be really sick. Approximately 90 000 people had died at this territory.

Religious Diversification: The majority of new people arriving  were no longer Catholics. The great majority of immigrants to Quebec in the 19th century were Irish. Many integrated into French Canadian community.

The French Canadian Population: Approximately 200 000 people, in majority of whom were french Canadians from the rural regions emigrated to the United States. The entire families left Quebec. Most of them were factory workers, craftsmen or farmers. In 18th and the 19th centuries, despite a high infant mortality rate, french Canadians made up the majority of Quebec population.

The Native Population: Quebec's increase in the population resulted in the expansion into Native territories. The British government intended to change the Amerindian people into a sedentary lifestyle and to civilize them, meaning to assimilate them into western society.
   

Population and Settlement French Regime: The Settlement of Canada

In the new France population one third of the 30 000 french men and women that left France to stayed in New France. This Immigrants had to overcome many obstacles such as the difficulties met while crossing the Atlantic ocean. In 1627, the king of France mandated the company of one hundred associates to populate the colony which at that time only one had about one hundred Europeans inhabitants. The population started to increase at 1650. In 1663, New France had more than 3000 people. Among them, approximately 1850 people were immigrates. Lord or religions communities also require more than two hundred girls in France to be wed in New France. The immigrants that came were mostly men who came to trade fur or to battle against the Iroquois.

The first intendant, Jean Talon, implemented various measures to ensure that the population increased and became diversified. This immigrants belong to three principal groups indentured servants known as engage, the soldiers and the filles du Roy. The king of France decided to foster the development of New France. Jean-Batiste colbert, he created the position of intendant who was in charge of settlement and the plannig of the territory. Jean Talon wanted to attract more women and craftsmen, merchants and farmers.

In 1667, the king sent the carignan-Sallieres regment with 1200 soldiers, to contain the Iroquois and to ensure the colonists security.The highest-ranking solders were given a segnuery. Approximately six hundred they were considered inhabitant of higher value because they marrying be able to defend the colony if needed
The Filles du Roy were often orphans to whom the king granted a dowry of fifty lives. Single men were numerous already owned a house the gentlemen sometimes undertook the building of their house a year prior to asking for a lady hand in marriage.

The immigration policies attracted thousands of people to New France they originated from different regions of France. Land as more affordable than in France. Women could easily find a husband because they were outnumbered by men. Fur trade allowed men to earn money, some adventurers founded fur trading an intersection challenge while others retired from their marine or military life. The majority of the 10 000 French immigrants that established families in New France were single and young, the mean age being twenty years old.

The Birth incentives implemented by Jean Talon were a success. The fertility rate in New France was more than nine children per woman. The high birth rate was manly due to the fact that women got married at a young age ate well and had a higher life expectancy than women in France. The Natural growth of the population soon became greater than the rate of immigration which slowed down considerable after 1680. Fearful that immigrants policies would decrease the population of France for Canada benefit Minister Colbert encouraged the inhabitants of New France to have large families.